19th International Conference on
Rheumatology and Muculoskeletal Disorders

An autoimmune and inflammatory condition known as Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) occurs when your immune system unintentionally assaults healthy cells in your body, leading to inflammation (painful swelling) in the areas of the body affected. A lot of joints are typically attacked at once by RA. It can affect your entire body and cause joint discomfort. The two sides of your body frequently experience the joint damage that rheumatoid arthritis produces.

• Rheumatic Diseases
• Rheumatoid arthritis Diagnosis
• Rheumatology and Internal medicine
• Clinical Rheumatology
• Experimental Rheumatology
• Polymyalgia Rheumatica Treatment
• Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

Patients with rheumatic diseases affecting the muscles, joints, and bones are cared for by rheumatology nurses. A rheumatology nurse's primary responsibility is to assist patients in managing their symptoms and relieving pain. Also, by employing a prescription schedule and/or a healthy lifestyle, rheumatology nurses should effectively instruct their patients on how to deal with the discomfort and lessen agonizing side effects.

• Musculoskeletal disorders
• Arthritic disorder
• Connective tissue disorders
• Rheumatoid joint inflammation
• Ceaseless back agony
• Soft Tissue Rheumatism

Juvenile arthritis and pediatric rheumatic disease are two terms used to represent the wide range of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders that can manifest in children aged 16 and under. While the musculoskeletal system is affected by some pediatric rheumatic illnesses, joint symptoms may be minimal or non-existent. Rheumatic illnesses in children can also affect the gastrointestinal system, muscles, skin, and eyes. Pediatric rheumatologists at Mayo Clinic are specialists in diagnosing and managing autoimmune and autoinflammatory illnesses, as well as other recognized or suspected rheumatologic diseases, in children and adolescents. These conditions include, among others:

• Raynaud's phenomenon
• Sjogren's  syndrome
• Kawasaki disease
• Localized scleroderma (morphia)
• Henoch-Schoenlein purpura
• Familial Mediterranean fever

The research trends in rheumatology and related fields are summarised below. These trends allow rheumatologists and related specialists to explore new avenues for research into conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, spondylarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis, myositis, vascular disease, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and antiphospholipid syndrome. 

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
• Corticosteroid medications
• Conventional DMARDs.
• Biologic agents
• Targeted synthetic DMARDs.

The word "Rheumatic Disease" refers to a variety of ailments that affect the bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, and cartilage (arthritis refers to disorders that mainly affect the joints). The symptoms of rheumatic diseases are Joint pain, swelling in a joint or joints, Joint stiffness that lasts for at least 1 hour in the early morning, Chronic pain or tenderness in a joint or joints, etc.

• Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
• Sjogren syndrome.
• Dermatomyositis/polymyositis.
• Scleroderma/systemic sclerosis.
• Ankylosing spondylitis.

A person may need surgery if arthritis severely harms their joints. Surgery for arthritis can help repair or replace a damaged joint, lessen discomfort, and enhance joint functionality. Anti-inflammatory drugs, physical therapy, occupational therapy, assistive devices, and nonpharmacological therapies are frequently used to treat arthritis. Arthroscopy, joint resurfacing, osteotomies, and TJR are a few of the numerous types of arthritis surgeries.

• Polymyalgia Rheumatica
• Pediatric Rheumatology
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• Rheumatoid Vasculitis
• Arthroscopy

A musculoskeletal disorder is a condition that interferes with how the human body moves and the musculoskeletal system. MSD stands for muscular skeletal disorder. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, tendonitis, muscle and tendon strains, ligament sprains, and tension neck syndrome are a few of the musculoskeletal conditions. Musculoskeletal conditions can be avoided. The most well-known names for MSDs are overuse, repetitive motion, and repetitive stress injuries. High task repetition, physical exertion, and repetitive or continuous uncomfortable postures are among work-related risk factors. Poor work practices, bad general health practices, poor rest and recovery, poor nutrition, inactivity, and dehydration are examples of personal risk factors.

• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• Epicondylitis
• Digital Neuritis
• Degenerative Disc Disease
• Radial Tunnel Syndrome

Anyone with impairments or disabilities brought on by illnesses, conditions, or injuries to the muscles, tendons, ligaments, or bones might benefit from musculoskeletal rehabilitation (rehab) programs, which are overseen by medical professionals. These include work-related upper limb diseases (WRULDs), cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs), repetitive motion injuries (RMIs), and others.

• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.
• Tendonitis.
• Muscle / Tendon strain.
• Ligament Sprain.
• Tension Neck Syndrome.
• Thoracic Outlet Compression

The diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal malignancies in both children and adults are the focus of the Musculoskeletal Oncology Service. We treat bone and soft tissue tumors, particularly those in the pelvis and shoulder girdle, that are benign or cancerous and affect the extremities. Treatment for bone cancer frequently entails a multidisciplinary strategy including several specialists, in radiology, pathology, orthopedic oncology, medical oncology, and radiation oncology. The malignancy’s size, location, and grade determine the treatment options.

• Computer-Assisted Tumor Surgery
• Musculoskeletal Tumors
• Computer-Assisted Decision Making
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Pain in the muscles, tendons, ligaments, or joints of the musculoskeletal system. Sudden, excruciating pain could result from an injury like a fracture. Pain may also be caused by a long-term ailment like arthritis. See a healthcare professional if musculoskeletal pain prevents you from performing your normal activities. Pain relief from the appropriate medical care is possible.

• Acetaminophen.
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
• Prescription medications, such as opioids.

It is a form of research study that examines how effectively new medical techniques operate on actual patients. This research examines brand-new approaches to disease detection, avoidance, diagnosis, and therapy. There are several reasons why clinical trials are crucial. New medicines for numerous ailments, including cancer, heart disease, and asthma, have been made possible via clinical trials. These novel therapies might lengthen life, make certain symptoms easier to control or lessen pain or disability in some patients.

• Pain Medications
• Therapeutic Massage
• Osteopathic Manipulation
• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• Epicondilitis
• Radial Tunnel Syndrome            

Calcium is the most crucial mineral for maintaining bone health and plays a significant role in bone health. A noteworthy organ that performs both structural and reservoir functions is the bony skeleton. By consuming a balanced diet, which in turn delivers adequate nutrients for most people, bone health can be maintained without the use of pricey supplements. An inorganic bone phase or bone salt is another name for bone mineral.

• Polymyalgia  Rheumatica
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
• Rheumatoid Vasculitis
• Total Joint Replacement
• Hip Replacement Surgery
• Bone or Joint Fusion Surgery                                            

The main focus of the medical specialty of orthopedics is the treatment of the musculoskeletal system. Orthopedics, also known as orthopedic surgery, is a medical specialty that focuses on the treatment of the skeletal system and its associated components. The role of orthopedic surgery is the diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and rehabilitation of injuries, disorders, and diseases of the body's musculoskeletal system.

• Knee Replacement Surgery.
• Shoulder Replacement Surgery.
• Hip Replacement Surgery.
• Spinal Surgery
• ACL Reconstruction Surgery

Osteoporosis is a medical disorder where the bones weaken and are susceptible to breaking. Hip, wrist, and spine fractures brought on by osteoporosis most frequently occur. The symptoms of osteoporosis are fragility-related fractures, height loss, receding gums, A curved stooped shape to the spine, and lower back pain.

• Primary Osteoporosis
• Secondary Osteoporosis
• Osteogenesis Imperfecta
• Idiopathic Juvenile Osteoporosis

A surgical treatment called arthroplasty is used to repair damaged joints. By resurfacing the bones, a joint can be repaired. It's also possible to utilize an artificial joint, or prosthesis. When medical treatments fail to relieve joint pain and dysfunction, they might be utilized. Before having an arthroplasty, patients with osteoarthritis may try some of the following medical treatments:

• Anti-inflammatory medicines
• Pain medicines
• Limiting painful activities
• Assistive devices for walking (such as a cane)
• Physical therapy
• Cortisone injections into a knee joint

The medical specialty of exercise and sports focuses on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of injuries to the muscles, bones, and other parts of the muscular system in athletes. This also covers the athletes' best work. These days, this field encompasses a wide range of other specialties, including nutrition, exercise physiology, biomechanics, and athletic training. Exercise science focuses on investigating movement and the corresponding functional reactions and adaptations.

• Exercise physiology and Physical Activity
• Sports Medicine
• Sports Injury Prevention and Management
• Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
• Clinical Sports Medicine
• Sports Biomechanics
• Clinical Sports Nutrition and Protein Supplements

The area of rheumatology where clinical and research activity is currently expanding is pain management. The purpose of the executive in pain management is to treat chronic pain in unique ways. Rheumatic pain is extremely difficult to detect, but the development of the pain leads to tissue damage whether or not there is inflammation. Pain can be controlled by identifying and comprehending it by employing cutting-edge neuromodulation procedures and psychological aspects that assist in knowing the full reason for pain and how to come up with a remedy. The following categories can be used to broadly group the most recent developments in postoperative pain management:

• Biochemical Mechanisms
• Pharmacological substances
• Routes and delivery methods
• Different forms of anesthesia
• Aspects of organization and procedure

Chiropody and podiatry are two terms for the same field of medicine that deals with the human foot. Podiatry, which refers to a collection of fluid in these bodily parts, is another name for the study of the foot and ankle. In most cases, the formation of liquid is not painful unless there is damage. Given gravity, swelling is frequently more noticeable in the lower regions of the body. Swelling in the feet and lower legs can occur for many different reasons. Often, enema occurs as a result of specific lifestyle variables, such as having a weight issue Weight gain can reduce blood flow, which causes the liquid to accumulate in the feet, legs, and lower legs. Long periods of sitting or standing Dormant muscles are unable to pump bodily fluids and travel toward the heart. Swelling can be brought on by the blood and water balance.

• Podiatric Surgery
• Podiatric Sports Medicine
• Dermatological Podiatrist
• Gerontological Podiatrist
• Diabetic Limb Salvage and Wound Care
• Podopediatrics
• Forensic Podiatry

The treatment, diagnosis, and prevention of foot and ankle problems are the focus of the subspecialty of orthopedics and podiatry known as foot and ankle surgery. An orthopedic surgeon must complete four years of college, four years of medical school or osteopathic medical school to get an M.D. or D.O., and four years of orthopedic residency training, and only then can they sub-specialize in foot and ankle surgery. A podiatric foot and ankle surgeon must complete four years of college, four years of podiatric medical school (D.P.M.), three to four years of surgery residency, and an optional one-year fellowship to be qualified to practice.

• Bunions Foot Surgery
• Metatarsal Foot Surgery
• Morton's Neuroma Surgery
• Foot Fracture Surgery
• Ankle Arthroscopy
• Ankle Fracture Repair Surgery
• Ankle Replacement
• Ankle Fusion

Widespread musculoskeletal pain coupled with impairments in memory, mood, sleep, and exhaustion are the hallmarks of the illness known as fibromyalgia. The way your brain and spinal cord handle painful and non-painful impulses may be altered by fibromyalgia, according to researchers, which increases painful sensations. These signs and symptoms may also be present in fibromyalgia sufferers:

• Moderate to severe fatigue
• Difficulty sleeping
• Joint stiffness
• Headaches

Psoriasis, a condition that creates red skin patches covered in silvery scales, can lead to psoriatic arthritis, a type of arthritis that affects some people who have it. Usually, psoriatic arthritis is detected years after psoriasis is first identified. Psoriatic arthritis signs include;

• Nail changes
• Scaly patches on elbows and knees
• Eye pain and redness
• Joint pain and stiffness
• Fatigue

The cause of the autoimmune disease is a problem with the body's natural defense system, which causes it to mistakenly assault healthy cells for foreign ones. A variety of bodily components are affected by more than 80 different autoimmune disorders. Common autoimmune disorders include;

• Addison disease.
• Celiac disease - sprue
• Dermatomyositis.
• Graves’ disease.
• Hashimoto thyroiditis.
• Multiple sclerosis.

Among millions of people around the world, osteoarthritis is the most prevalent type of arthritis. Although osteoarthritis can harm any joint, the condition most frequently impacts the hands, knees, hips, and spine. The cartilage and other tissues within the joint must degenerate or undergo structural change for it to occur. Simple joint deterioration cannot explain why this occurs. The disintegration, which typically takes place gradually over time, can instead be brought on by changes in the tissue. The symptoms of osteoarthritis are the following;

• Tenderness
• Loss of flexibility
• Grating sensation
• Bone spurs
• Swelling

In comparison to the general population, those who have Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Disease (RMD) and develop COVID-19 may have a worse prognosis [1]. It's possible that the RMD group won't experience the COVID-19 outcomes improvements that have been observed over time in the general community [2-4].

• COVID-19 and Orthopedics
• COVID-19 and Rheumatology
• COVID-19 and Musculoskeletal Disorders
• COVID-19 and Rhabdomyolysis
• COVID-19 and Osteoporosis